Beyond the smile: how gum disease elevates your risk of heart disease and more
Did you know that your gums might be trying to tell you something about your overall health?
Gum disease, also known as periodontal disease, is a silent but serious condition that affects millions of people worldwide.
It might start as mild inflammation but left unchecked, it can lead to tooth loss, systemic health problems, and even increase your risk for heart disease.
Dr Jason Auerbach, an oral maxillofacial surgeon, explains that gum disease doesn’t just stop at your mouth.
“Having diseased gums leads to circulating inflammatory markers and bacteremia, which is bacteria in the bloodstream, and this is correlated to cardiovascular disease and other significant health issues”.
The connection between oral health and general well-being is stronger than most people think, making gum care an essential part of a healthy lifestyle.
What is gum disease and why should you care?
Gum disease starts simply enough usually as gingivitis, which is inflammation of the gums caused by poor oral hygiene or a genetic predisposition to harmful bacteria.
If left untreated, it can progress to periodontitis, a more severe condition where the gums pull away from the teeth, leading to bone loss and eventual tooth loss.
Auerbach highlights that gum disease doesn’t just stop in your mouth: “It forms over time, in some cases more rapidly than others, but in all cases, it’s due to long-standing infectious inflammatory processes.”
In South Africa, studies show that periodontal disease is one of the most common dental issues, with many people unaware they even have it until the damage becomes severe.
The prevalence of sugar-heavy diets, smoking, and limited access to dental care in some communities exacerbates the problem.
Gum disease and systemic health: the hidden link
Did you know your gums can influence more than just your smile? Research from around the world, including South Africa, shows a clear connection between gum disease and chronic conditions like heart disease, diabetes, and even pregnancy complications.
When gum disease is present, harmful bacteria can enter your bloodstream, triggering inflammation throughout your body. This systemic inflammation has been linked to:
Cardiovascular disease: People with gum disease are at higher risk of heart attacks and strokes.The bacteria that infect the gums and cause gingivitis and periodontitis also travel to blood vessels elsewhere in the body where they cause blood vessel inflammation and damage; tiny blood clots, heart attack and stroke may follow.
Diabetes: Gum disease makes it harder to control blood sugar levels, creating a vicious cycle for diabetic patients.
Pregnancy risks: Pregnant women with gum disease are more likely to experience preterm births or low birthweight babies.
These risks emphasise why maintaining oral health is about more than just avoiding cavities it’s about protecting your whole body.
Common risk factors for gum disease
Some factors may put you at greater risk for gum disease, including:
Poor oral hygiene: Inconsistent brushing and flossing allow plaque to build up, leading to gum inflammation.
Smoking: Tobacco use weakens your gums and reduces blood flow, making it harder to fight infections.
Orthodontics and dental work: Braces, crowns, and veneers can trap food particles, increasing the risk of gum disease.
Age: Gum disease becomes more common as we age, especially if dental hygiene routines decline.
Genetics: Some people are more predisposed to gum disease due to their genetic make-up.
How to prevent gum disease at home
The good news? With consistent care, gum disease is preventable. Here are some actionable tips to keep your gums healthy at home:
Brush twice a day, the right way
Use a soft-bristled toothbrush and fluoride toothpaste to clean your teeth for at least two minutes. Don’t forget to brush along the gumline, where plaque tends to accumulate.
Floss daily
Flossing removes plaque and food particles from between your teeth that brushing can’t reach. Make it part of your daily routine.
Rinse with mouthwash
An antibacterial mouthwash can reduce plaque and kill harmful bacteria. Rinse after brushing and flossing for extra protection.
Stay hydrated
Drinking water helps wash away food debris and keeps your mouth moist, which is essential for healthy gums.
Quit smoking
If you smoke, consider quitting. Smoking is one of the leading risk factors for gum disease and other oral health problems.
Eat a balanced diet
Limit sugary snacks and drinks, and focus on eating nutrient-rich foods like fruits, vegetables, and whole grains that promote gum health.
Visit the dentist regularly.
Schedule professional cleanings and check-ups every six months. If you’ve had gum disease before, you may need to see a periodontist for specialized care.
While gum disease is preventable, access to dental care remains a challenge for many South Africans, especially in rural and underserved areas.
Initiatives to improve oral health education, increase access to affordable dental services, and promote regular check-ups are critical to addressing this issue.
“We get ahead of the problem by having adequate evaluation by a dental professional, home care, and overall maintenance on a regular basis.”